{
  "status": "superseded",
  "reason": "Exposed straight spars were not represented by the airfoil aerodynamic model; do not use these performance figures as validated results.",
  "study_id": "survey-vtol-range-v1",
  "spent_usd": 10.923884979999999,
  "replacement": "survey-vtol-range-v2",
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      "source_commit": "bb1f029d270fbdf7f5916103a7833a239eb79a0a",
      "evaluation": {
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          "payload_curve": [
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              "violations": []
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.096,
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              "violations": []
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.192,
              "range_km": 70.44039395597001,
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              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.28800000000000003,
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.384,
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.48,
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.5760000000000001,
              "range_km": 66.57537212313991,
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            {
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              "payload_kg": 0.768,
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.864,
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              "payload_kg": 0.9600000000000001,
              "range_km": 64.13651023446714,
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          "scenarios": {
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              "range_km": 60.25529264091161,
              "violations": [],
              "max_speed_m_s": 19.0,
              "mass_kg": 4.4724420182775
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            "parasite_plus_20": {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 18.5,
              "mass_kg": 4.4724420182775
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            "empty_mass_plus_10": {
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              "mass_kg": 4.869686220105251
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            "combined_adverse": {
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              "violations": [],
              "max_speed_m_s": 18.25,
              "mass_kg": 4.869686220105251
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        },
        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
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        "taper": 0.72,
        "twist_deg": -1.2,
        "sweep": 0.03,
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        "fuselage_width": 0.15,
        "fuselage_height": 0.165,
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        "tail_fraction": 0.76,
        "tail_span": 0.64,
        "tail_chord": 0.155,
        "tail_x": 0.9,
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        "boom_y": 0.4,
        "rotor_front_x": 0.18,
        "rotor_rear_x": 0.74,
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        "payload_x": 0.48,
        "spar_diameter": 0.0285,
        "spar_wall": 0.00085,
        "boom_diameter": 0.018,
        "boom_wall": 0.0008,
        "shell_thickness": 0.0013
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      "source_commit": "4dff2f62319e0c5e1b2e7a93f0dda2b598afbde8",
      "evaluation": {
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            {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.5,
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
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    {
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
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          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    },
    {
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        "boom_wall": 0.0008,
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            {
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            {
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          "scenarios": {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.5,
              "mass_kg": 3.9281146524200388
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            "parasite_plus_20": {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.0,
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            "empty_mass_plus_10": {
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            "combined_adverse": {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 18.75,
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        },
        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    },
    {
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        "taper": 0.55,
        "twist_deg": -0.2,
        "sweep": 0.0287,
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        "tail_span": 0.64,
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        "spar_diameter": 0.029,
        "spar_wall": 0.0008,
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        "boom_wall": 0.0008,
        "shell_thickness": 0.0013
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      "source_commit": "2f9aba1a6a1b203019e15f41f44df6eecad3b15b",
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    },
    {
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
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          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    },
    {
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            {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.5,
              "mass_kg": 3.8126846094093674
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            "parasite_plus_20": {
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              "mass_kg": 3.8126846094093674
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            "empty_mass_plus_10": {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.0,
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "_id": "survey-vtol-range-v1-07",
      "iteration": 8,
      "parameters": {
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        "taper": 0.5,
        "twist_deg": -0.2,
        "sweep": 0.033125,
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        "tail_span": 0.58,
        "tail_chord": 0.135,
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        "tail_incidence_deg": -2.0,
        "boom_y": 0.35,
        "rotor_front_x": 0.22,
        "rotor_rear_x": 0.7,
        "battery_x": 0.4975,
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        "spar_diameter": 0.029,
        "spar_wall": 0.0008,
        "boom_diameter": 0.016,
        "boom_wall": 0.0008,
        "shell_thickness": 0.00128
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      "source_commit": "044547772444b3fc17fb441f90bfe50e9d8454dc",
      "evaluation": {
        "outcome": "passed",
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.192,
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              "payload_kg": 0.28800000000000003,
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              "payload_kg": 0.384,
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            {
              "payload_kg": 0.48,
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.5,
              "mass_kg": 3.7793315412621586
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            "parasite_plus_20": {
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            "empty_mass_plus_10": {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.0,
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        },
        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    },
    {
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        "twist_deg": -0.2,
        "sweep": 0.030625,
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        "rotor_front_x": 0.23,
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        "spar_diameter": 0.029,
        "spar_wall": 0.0008,
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        "boom_wall": 0.0008,
        "shell_thickness": 0.00128
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      "source_commit": "dcc382617a9a2e99a098f496c7b20555caf5d1be",
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            {
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            {
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              "max_speed_m_s": 19.75,
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            "parasite_plus_20": {
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            "empty_mass_plus_10": {
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    {
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        "spar_diameter": 0.029,
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
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    },
    {
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        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
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    },
    {
      "_id": "survey-vtol-range-v1-11",
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                "body_drag_n": 0.4376008794559332,
                "profile_drag_n": 1.2737400499792348,
                "hardware_drag_n": 1.4706346488454747,
                "lift_drag": 10.557180973892414,
                "alpha_deg": 1.9807716726703504,
                "elevator_deg": -2.0575852470819656,
                "rpm": 5883.154362416108
              },
              {
                "speed_m_s": 19.5,
                "range_km": 69.58112142180174,
                "cruise_minutes": 59.4710439502579,
                "power_w": 109.09203625620822,
                "wh_km": 1.5540176104872965,
                "drag_n": 3.5878636087426483,
                "induced_drag_n": 0.3322380719406402,
                "body_drag_n": 0.4479648192258167,
                "profile_drag_n": 1.298579725237539,
                "hardware_drag_n": 1.5090809923386521,
                "lift_drag": 10.357156886720567,
                "alpha_deg": 1.894917268120124,
                "elevator_deg": -2.002542789762356,
                "rpm": 5943.51677852349
              }
            ],
            "violations": []
          },
          "aero": {
            "area": 0.5265000000000001,
            "mac": 0.21,
            "cl": [
              0.13570657190924282,
              0.09839759396126246,
              0.00954780904996973
            ],
            "cm": [
              -0.012397424336071546,
              -0.010090535014248028,
              -0.01573906612146908
            ],
            "drag": [
              0.0007214059301534392,
              0.0005097025183867141,
              -0.00015559434065011323,
              0.0002460311632469402,
              9.015663408947039e-05,
              4.220959054441112e-05
            ],
            "static_margin": 0.10254859502174929,
            "cnb_per_deg": 0.00028522686633972047,
            "resolution": 10,
            "samples": [
              [
                0.0,
                0.0,
                0.13570657190924282,
                -0.012397424336071546,
                0.0007214059301534392
              ],
              [
                5.0,
                0.0,
                0.6269483990992987,
                -0.07805777023853434,
                0.009420697603260515
              ],
              [
                0.0,
                5.0,
                0.18244429984247368,
                -0.08814188964984503,
                0.000998673990513151
              ],
              [
                5.0,
                5.0,
                0.6735109245196028,
                -0.1552144224226252,
                0.011951881515856987
              ],
              [
                -5.0,
                0.0,
                -0.357027540513326,
                0.02284757990394592,
                0.004323672419393372
              ],
              [
                0.0,
                -5.0,
                0.08696620934277637,
                0.0692487715648458,
                0.0025546173970142833
              ]
            ]
          },
          "payload_capacity_kg": 0.9600000000000001,
          "payload_curve": [
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.0,
              "range_km": 93.5717745496109,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.096,
              "range_km": 91.20482700332975,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.192,
              "range_km": 89.89758996376626,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.28800000000000003,
              "range_km": 88.80409946234911,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.384,
              "range_km": 87.23094563112902,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.48,
              "range_km": 85.87162704963835,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.5760000000000001,
              "range_km": 84.19618692965233,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.672,
              "range_km": 82.43426918790674,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.768,
              "range_km": 81.32115237450371,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.864,
              "range_km": 79.51382778264005,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            },
            {
              "payload_kg": 0.9600000000000001,
              "range_km": 77.30206405188645,
              "feasible": true,
              "violations": []
            }
          ],
          "scenarios": {
            "battery_minus_10": {
              "range_km": 75.87932429263955,
              "violations": [],
              "max_speed_m_s": 19.5,
              "mass_kg": 3.789272206503039
            },
            "parasite_plus_20": {
              "range_km": 77.07102550334801,
              "violations": [],
              "max_speed_m_s": 19.0,
              "mass_kg": 3.789272206503039
            },
            "empty_mass_plus_10": {
              "range_km": 81.13962149992369,
              "violations": [],
              "max_speed_m_s": 19.5,
              "mass_kg": 4.118199427153343
            },
            "combined_adverse": {
              "range_km": 63.626259253306635,
              "violations": [],
              "max_speed_m_s": 19.0,
              "mass_kg": 4.118199427153343
            }
          }
        },
        "fidelity": "coupled_engineering_estimate",
        "limitations": [
          "No flight validation; transition energy allowance, not dynamic simulation.",
          "VLM/XFOIL attached-flow estimates; no rotor interference, flutter, fatigue or control simulation.",
          "Maximum speed is the highest supported passing speed on a 0.25 m/s grid; no propeller-map extrapolation.",
          "Beam screening excludes joints/local shell buckling; hardware properties are assumptions."
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}